Angiography & Angioplasty
Blockages in the heart arteries are first found with angiography and then opened from inside with a balloon and a stent — through a small puncture in the wrist, with no cut on the chest.
Invasive
Coronary Angiography
The test that shows exactly where and how badly your heart arteries are blocked. A thin tube from the wrist, dye, live X-ray — done in about 20 minutes.
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Invasive
Angioplasty & Stenting
A narrowed or blocked artery is opened with a balloon and held open with a drug-eluting stent. Most patients walk the same evening and go home in a day or two.
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Invasive
Primary Angioplasty (Heart Attack)
Emergency angioplasty during a heart attack. The blocked artery is opened within the golden hours to save heart muscle. Available 24x7 at our Cath Lab.
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Invasive
Complex & CTO Angioplasty
For arteries that have been 100% blocked for months, or multiple and difficult blockages where patients are often told only bypass surgery is possible.
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Invasive
Rotablation Angioplasty
When calcium has made the artery stone-hard and a balloon will not open it, a tiny diamond-tipped burr shaves the calcium away so a stent can go in properly.
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Invasive
IVUS & FFR Guided PCI
Imaging and pressure measurement from inside the artery itself, so a stent is placed only where it is truly needed — and placed accurately.
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Invasive
Peripheral Angioplasty
Blocked arteries outside the heart — usually in the legs — opened with balloon and stent. Used for leg pain on walking and non-healing foot wounds, to avoid amputation.
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Invasive
Renal Angioplasty
A narrowed kidney artery widened with balloon and stent. Often the real reason behind BP that will not come down even on three or four medicines.
Read full detailsHeart Valve Procedures
A narrowed heart valve can be opened — and in selected patients even replaced — through a catheter, without opening the chest and without the heart-lung machine.
Invasive
Balloon Mitral Valvotomy (BMV / PTMC)
A narrowed mitral valve, usually from childhood rheumatic fever, stretched open with a balloon through the leg vein — no surgery, no chest cut.
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Invasive
Balloon Aortic Valvotomy (BAV)
A tight aortic valve opened with a balloon. Used in children and young adults, and sometimes as a bridge in very sick patients before a valve replacement.
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Invasive
Balloon Pulmonary Valvotomy
A narrowed pulmonary valve, most often present from birth, opened with a balloon. For many children this one procedure is the complete treatment.
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Invasive
TAVI / TAVR
A severely narrowed aortic valve replaced through a catheter from the leg. For elderly patients who have been told they are too high-risk for open-heart surgery.
Read full detailsDevice Closure — Hole in the Heart
Holes that are present from birth can be closed with a small device passed through a leg vein. The child is usually home the next day, with no scar on the chest.
Invasive
ASD / VSD Device Closure
A hole in the wall between the heart chambers closed with an umbrella-shaped device, without open-heart surgery in suitable cases.
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Invasive
PDA Device Closure
A small blood vessel that should have closed soon after birth, sealed with a coil or device through a catheter — a day-care procedure in most children.
Read full detailsPacemaker, ICD & Rhythm Treatment
For a heartbeat that is too slow, too fast or dangerously irregular — devices that keep the rhythm steady, and ablation that can cure some rhythm problems for good.
Invasive
Permanent Pacemaker (PPI)
A small device placed under the skin near the collarbone that keeps the heartbeat from going dangerously slow. Fitted under local anaesthesia in about an hour.
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Invasive
ICD Implantation
Looks like a pacemaker, but can also deliver a life-saving shock on its own if the heart goes into a fatal rhythm. For patients at risk of sudden cardiac death.
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Invasive
CRT-P / CRT-D
For heart failure where the chambers no longer beat together. The device re-synchronises them, so breathlessness improves and the heart pumps better.
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Invasive
EPS & RF Ablation
The heart's electrical wiring is mapped, the faulty circuit found, and then burnt off with radiofrequency energy. For SVT and many arrhythmias this is a permanent cure.
Read full detailsNon-Invasive Heart Tests
Tests that need no cut, no catheter and no admission. Most are over in minutes, and together they decide whether anything further is needed at all.
Non-Invasive
ECG Test
A 12-lead recording of the heart's electrical activity in about 5 minutes. Painless, needs no preparation, and usually the very first heart test asked for.
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Non-Invasive
2D Echocardiography
An ultrasound of the beating heart. Shows pumping strength, valves and chamber size live on screen — no radiation, no needles, about 20 minutes.
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Non-Invasive
Adult & Pediatric Echo
The same painless echo, done for newborns and children as well as adults — for a murmur, blue spells, poor weight gain or a suspected hole in the heart.
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Non-Invasive
TMT (Treadmill Test)
You walk on a treadmill while the ECG is watched, to see how the heart behaves under effort. Often picks up blockage that a resting ECG misses.
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Non-Invasive
Stress & Contrast Echo
Echo pictures taken at rest and then again under stress, so a weak area of heart muscle shows up. Useful when a TMT cannot be done or is unclear.
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Non-Invasive
Holter Monitoring (24 Hour ECG)
A small ECG recorder worn for 24 to 48 hours during your normal day. It catches palpitations, pauses and fainting spells that a 10-second ECG cannot.
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Non-Invasive
24-Hour BP Monitoring (ABPM)
Your BP measured automatically every 15 to 30 minutes, day and night. It separates real hypertension from clinic nervousness, and shows night-time BP.
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Non-Invasive
TEE (Transesophageal Echo)
A much sharper echo taken from inside the food pipe with a thin probe, under sedation. Used when valves, clots or a hole must be seen in fine detail.
Read full detailsInvasive or Non-Invasive — What Is the Difference?
These two words sound frightening, but they only describe how something is done — not how serious the heart problem is. That is what the small box on each card above tells you.
Invasive — done in the Cath Lab
A thin tube (catheter) is passed into the body through a small puncture in the wrist or the groin, usually under local anaesthesia while you stay awake. There is no cut on the chest and no heart-lung machine. Angiography, angioplasty, valve procedures and pacemakers all come under this.
- You are usually awake, on local anaesthesia
- Admission of about 1 to 2 days
- Not the same as open-heart surgery
Non-Invasive — tests from outside
Nothing is put inside the body. Stickers on the chest, a probe moved over the skin, or a recorder you wear for a day. No cut, no catheter, no admission — you walk in and walk out. These tests usually come first and often decide that nothing further is needed at all.
- Painless, no needles in most tests
- Report the same day
- Safe to repeat as often as needed
The Usual Order of Things
Consultation and basic tests
The cardiologist examines you and starts with an ECG and a 2D Echo. Nothing invasive at this stage.
A stress test if needed
A TMT or Stress Echo shows how the heart behaves under effort. Many patients stop here with a clear report.
Angiography only when it is justified
If the tests point to a real blockage, angiography shows it exactly. This is the first invasive step.
Treatment in the same sitting, if suitable
Angioplasty and stenting can often be done immediately after the angiography, so you are not punctured twice.